Meaning (restored): "He who exists," "He who is," "The Eternal One."

Other understandings: Some translate it as "He causes to exist / He brings into being." Some devotional teachings interpret the Name as the sound of breath, symbolizing life itself.

Name of the Anointed One. From "Yahu" (short form of YAHUAH) + "sha" (from yasha', to save/deliver).

Meaning (restored): "YAHUAH saves."

Other understandings: "Yah is salvation." "Yah adds deliverance."

Mighty One, Elohim. Title of reverence used for YAHUAH.

Mighty One of Yahshar'al. Restored ancient name of the covenant people.

Meaning: "Hosts," "Armies," "Forces." Refers to YAHUAH as Commander of all heavenly armies.

Meaning: "Upright of YAH" or "He who wrestles with ALUAH."

Judah.

Meaning: "Praise to YAHUAH." Also the tribe from which the kings and Mashiach descend.

Family. Used affectionately for the community of believers.

Isaiah — prophet of YAHUAH.

Meaning: "YAHUAH is salvation."

Jeremiah — prophet of YAHUAH.

Meaning: "YAHUAH will exalt / appoint."

Humanity; man formed from the ground.

Meaning: The prefix "Ha" means "the," indicating mankind as a whole — not merely a personal name.

Eve — mother of all living.

Spelling: C-H-U-A-H

Meaning: "Life" or "Living."

Cain — firstborn son of Ha'Adam and Chuah.

Spelling: Q-A-Y-I-N

Meaning: "Acquired" or "Possession."

Abel — second son of Ha'Adam and Chuah.

Spelling: H-A-B-E-L

Meaning: "Breath," "Vapor," or "Vanity."

Enoch — one who walked with YAHUAH and was taken. Son of Yered in the line of Sheth.

Spelling: C-H-A-N-O-K

Meaning: "Dedicated" or "Initiated."

Variant: Some traditions spell this as Hanok (H-A-N-O-K). Both refer to the same name.

Children: Methushelach, Elisha, Elimelech, Melca, and Nahmah.

Methuselah — son of Chanok. Known for his great age.

Meaning: "Man of the dart" or "His death shall bring."

Sons: Lemek (of Sheth's line) and Eliakim.

Son of Chanok. Father of Ashmua.

Meaning: "ALUAH is salvation."

Variant: Also spelled Elishaa.

Son of Chanok.

Meaning: "My ALUAH is King."

Daughter of Chanok.

Meaning: "Queen" or "Counsel."

Daughter of Chanok.

Meaning: "Pleasantness" or "Delight."

Note: Variant spelling of Naamah. Distinct from Naamah daughter of Lemek and Tsillah.

Descendant of Qayin through the line of Chanok (son of Qayin).

Descendant of Qayin through the line of Irad.

Descendant of Qayin through the line of Mechuyael.

Seth — third son of Ha'Adam and Chuah, born after the death of Habel.

Spelling: S-H-E-T-H

Meaning: "Appointed" or "Placed."

Son of Sheth.

Meaning: "Mortal man" or "Frailty of man."

Cainan — son of Enosh.

Spelling: Q-E-N-A-N

Meaning: "Possession" or "Acquired."

Son of Qenan.

Meaning: "Praise of ALUAH."

Son of Qenan.

Son of Qenan.

Daughter of Qenan and wife of Lemek.

Zillah — wife of Lemek.

Spelling: T-S-I-L-L-A-H

Meaning: "Shade" or "Shadow."

Lamech — this name appears in two lineages:

Line of Qayin: Son of Methusael. Husband of Adah and Tsillah. Father of Yabal, Yubal, Tubal Qayin, and Naamah.

Line of Sheth: Son of Methushelach. Husband of Ashmua. Father of Noach (whom he also named Menachem, meaning "Comforter").

Jabal — son of Lemek and Adah.

Association: Dwelling in tents and keeping livestock.

Jubal — son of Lemek and Adah.

Association: Sound, music, and instruments.

Tubal Cain — son of Lemek and Tsillah.

Meaning: "Craftsman of Qayin."

Association: Forging tools of bronze and iron.

Meaning: "Pleasantness" or "Delight."

Note: This name appears multiple times in Scripture:

• Daughter of Lemek and Tsillah, sister of Tubal Qayin (line of Qayin).

• Wife of Noach (see also variant spelling Nahmah for daughter of Chanok).

Jared — son of Mahlalel, in the line of Sheth. Father of Chanok.

Meaning: "To descend."

Variant: Some translations spell this name Yered, others Yarad. Both refer to the same individual.

Wife of Lemek (of Sheth's line). Daughter of Elishaa, granddaughter of Chanok.

Noah — son of Lemek and Ashmua, in the line of Sheth.

Spelling: N-O-A-C-H

Meaning: "Rest" or "Comfort."

Also called: Menachem ("Comforter") — the name given to him by his father Lemek.

Wife: Naamah.

Sons: Yapheth, Shem, and Cham.

In Jasher: Preserved through the flood with his family in the ark. His house later served as a place of refuge where Abram hid from Nimrod and received instruction in the ways of YAHUAH. Died in the fifty-eighth year of Abram's life.

Name given by Lemek to his son Noach.

Meaning: "Comforter."

Note: Both names (Noach and Menachem) refer to the same person.

Japheth — son of Noach.

Meaning: "Enlarged."

Sons: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Yavan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.

Son of Yapheth.

Note: Associated with the peoples north of the Black Sea (Cimmerians).

Son of Yapheth.

Note: Associated with northern peoples. Referenced in prophecy regarding the end of days.

Son of Yapheth.

Note: Ancestor of the Medes (Media/ancient Iran).

Javan — son of Yapheth.

Note: Ancestor of the Greeks (Ionians). The Hebrew name for Greece.

Son of Yapheth.

Note: Associated with peoples of Asia Minor.

Son of Yapheth.

Note: Associated with peoples of Asia Minor and the Black Sea region.

Son of Yapheth.

Note: Associated with the Thracians or peoples of the Aegean.

Son of Noach. Ancestor of the Shemitic (Semitic) peoples.

Meaning: "Name" or "Renown."

Sons: Elam, Ashur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.

Notable descendants: Eber, Peleg, Yoqtan, Terach, Abram.

In Jasher: Together with his father Noach, Shem provided refuge for Abram when he fled from Nimrod. Abram dwelt in their house and received instruction in the ways of YAHUAH.

Ham — son of Noach.

Meaning: "Hot" or "Warm."

Sons: Cush, Mitsrayim, Put, and Kena'an.

Son of Methushelach.

Meaning: "ALUAH raises up" or "ALUAH establishes."

Son of Cham. Father of Nimrod.

Meaning: "Black" or "Dark."

Note: Also the name of the region associated with his descendants (ancient Ethiopia/Nubia).

In Jasher: His son Nimrod rose to become the first great king after the flood, ruling over Shinar.

Put — son of Cham. Brother of Cush, Mitsrayim, and Kena'an.

Note: Also the name of the region associated with his descendants (ancient Libya/North Africa).

Canaan — son of Cham.

Meaning: "Lowland" or "Merchant."

Note: Also the name of the land promised by YAHUAH to Abram and his seed for an inheritance. Abram urged his father Terach to flee to the land of Kena'an to escape Nimrod's power.

In Jasher: The land where Abram was called to go, received covenant promises, built altars, and dwelt at Mamre.

Descendant of Shem through Arpachshad and Shelach. Father of Peleg and Yoqtan.

Meaning: "One who crosses over" or "From the other side."

Significance: Ancestor of the Hebrews (Ivrim). The name "Hebrew" derives from Eber.

Son of Eber. Brother of Yoqtan. Descendant of Shem.

Meaning: "Division."

Note: In his days the earth was divided — referring to the dispersion of the nations after Babel.

Joktan — descendant of Shem. Brother of Peleg, son of Eber.

Meaning: "Small" or "He will be made small."

Son of Shem.

Note: Also the name of the region settled by his descendants (ancient Persia/southwestern Iran).

In Jasher: The kingdom ruled by Chedorlaomer, who initially allied with Nimrod (Amraphel) but later rebelled, defeated Nimrod at the valley of Babel, and subdued the kings of the plain including Sodom and Gomorrah.

Son of Shem.

Note: Also the name of the region (Assyria) and its chief city. Builder of Ninevah, Rehobother, Kalach, and Resen.

Son of Shem. Father of Shelach, ancestor of Eber.

Note: In the line leading to Abram.

Son of Shem.

Note: Associated with the Lydians of Asia Minor.

Son of Shem.

Meaning: "Exalted."

Sons: Uz, Chul, Gether, and Mash.

Note: Also the name of the region (Syria/Mesopotamia) settled by his descendants. The Aramaic language derives from his name.

Son of Cush, grandson of Cham. A mighty hunter and king.

Meaning: "Rebel" or "We shall rebel."

Kingdom: Ruled over Shinar (Babylon), including Babel, Erek, Akkad, and Kalneh.

Also known as: Amraphel — his throne name as king of Shinar.

Son: Mardon.

In Jasher: Sought to slay Abram after the star sign at his birth. Cast Abram into the furnace of Casdim for refusing to worship idols, but YAHUAH delivered Abram from the fire. After this miracle and prophetic dreams, Nimrod continued to oppose Abram and sought his death. Later defeated in battle by Chedorlaomer at the valley of Babel, where his son Mardon was slain.

Throne name of Nimrod as king of Shinar.

In Jasher: Identified as Nimrod. One of the kings who later made war against Sodom and Gomorrah in the days of Abram.

Son of Nimrod.

In Jasher: Described as exceedingly wicked, even more so than his father. Continued in the rebellious ways of Nimrod. Slain in battle against Chedorlaomer at the valley of Babel.

King of Elam.

In Jasher: A powerful king who initially formed an alliance with Nimrod (Amraphel). Later rebelled against Nimrod and defeated him in battle at the valley of Babel, slaying Mardon (Nimrod's son). Subdued the kings of the plain, including Sodom and Gomorrah. His allies included Arioch king of Elasar and Tidal king of Goyim.

King of Elasar.

In Jasher: Ally of Chedorlaomer in the war against Nimrod and in the conquest of the cities of the plain.

King of Goyim (nations).

In Jasher: Ally of Chedorlaomer in the war against Nimrod and in the conquest of the cities of the plain.

Terah — descendant of Shem. Father of Abram, Nachor, and Haran.

Meaning: "Wanderer" or "Station."

In Jasher: A prince and captain under king Nimrod. Made and worshiped idols before hearing the words of Abram. Hid Abram in a cave to preserve him from Nimrod's decree. Later urged by Abram to flee to the land of Kena'an to escape Nimrod's power.

Nahor — son of Terach. Brother of Abram and Haran.

Wife: Milca, daughter of Haran (his niece).

Note: Also the name of Terach's father (grandfather of Abram).

In Jasher: Remained in the land of Haran with Terach when Abram departed for Kena'an.

Son of Terach. Brother of Abram and Nachor.

Children: Lot (son), Milca (daughter), and Sarai (daughter).

In Jasher: Died in the fire of Casdim. When Abram was cast into the furnace, Haran's heart was divided — he resolved to side with whomever prevailed. When Abram was delivered, Haran declared belief, but his heart was not perfect with YAHUAH, and he perished in the flames.

Note: Haran is also the name of a city in Mesopotamia where Terach's family later settled.

Son of Haran. Nephew of Abram.

In Jasher: Traveled with Abram when he departed from Haran into the land of Kena'an. Later separated from Abram and dwelt in Sodom.

Daughter of Haran. Sister of Lot and Sarai.

Meaning: "Queen."

Note: Became the wife of Nachor (her uncle).

Daughter of Haran. Sister of Lot and Milca. Wife of Abram.

Meaning: "My princess."

Later name: Sarah ("Princess" or "Mother of nations").

Note: Barren for many years before YAHUAH opened her womb in her old age.

Wise servant and interpreter of dreams in the court of Nimrod.

In Jasher: Advised king Nimrod to destroy Abram after interpreting prophetic dreams that foretold Abram's descendants would inherit the earth.

Servant given to Abram by king Nimrod.

Meaning: "My ALUAH is helper."

In Jasher: Warned Abram of Nimrod's plot to slay him and helped preserve his life. Became Abram's faithful servant.

One of the chief servants given to Abram by the king.

In Jasher: Given to Abram along with other servants after YAHUAH delivered him from the furnace.

A wise man from the land of Shinar. Later given the title Pharaoh.

In Jasher: Departed from Shinar and came to Mitsrayim (Egypt) in poverty. Through wisdom and cunning, he established a system of taxation at the Egyptian sepulchre, collecting silver and gold from those who buried their dead. He rose to govern the daily affairs of Mitsrayim while king Oswiris retained ceremonial authority. The title "Pharaoh" was first given to Rikayon, and from that time forward all kings of Mitsrayim bore this title.

Title given to Rikayon as ruler of Mitsrayim.

In Jasher: Rikayon was the first to bear this title. He governed the kingdom while Oswiris sat upon the throne. From this time forward, all kings of Mitsrayim were called Pharaoh.

See also: Pharaoh (Title) in Terms for Worship & Practice.

King of Mitsrayim (Egypt). Son of Anom.

In Jasher: Retained ceremonial authority and sat upon the throne while Rikayon (Pharaoh) governed the daily affairs and administration of the kingdom.

Father of Oswiris. Of the former kingly lineage of Mitsrayim (Egypt).

Son of Terach. Called by YAHUAH out of Ur of the Chaldees.

Meaning: "Exalted father."

Later name: Abraham ("Father of many nations").

Wife: Sarai (later Sarah), daughter of Haran.

In Jasher: At his birth, a great star appeared in the heavens. Hidden by his father Terach in a cave for ten years. Cast into the furnace of Casdim by Nimrod for refusing to worship idols, but YAHUAH delivered him from the fire. Fled to the house of Noach and Shem for refuge. Later called by YAHUAH to go to the land of Kena'an, where he received covenant promises that his seed would be multiplied as the stars of shamayim. Built altars and taught righteousness. Pitched his tent at Mamre.

Individual mentioned in Terach's parable to Nimrod.

Note: Father of Ayon in the account given by Terach.

Son of Mored. Mentioned in Terach's parable to Nimrod.

Instruction, teaching, guidance from YAHUAH.

Spirit; breath; wind.

Ruach of ALUAH: The Spirit or breath of ALUAH — the divine presence and power that moves, creates, and inspires.

Usage: Also refers to the inner spirit or life of a person. In Jasher, Nimrod's ruach (spirit) was troubled after his prophetic dream concerning Abram.

Set apart; holy; sacred.

To make set apart; to consecrate.

Bless; praise.

Blessed.

Blessing.

Favor; grace.

Usage: Grace or favor shown by YAHUAH. As in "Noach found chen (favor) in the eyes of YAHUAH."

Peace; wholeness; restoration.

Heavens; sky; the realm above.

Usage: Refers to both the physical sky and the dwelling place of YAHUAH. Often paired with "eretz" (earth) to denote all creation.

Egypt — the land of bondage.

Meaning: "Land of Bondage" or "Double straits."

Note: Also the name of a son of Cham, whose descendants settled the land.

In Jasher: Originally ruled by king Oswiris, son of Anom. Rikayon came from Shinar and through wisdom rose to govern the kingdom, becoming the first to bear the title "Pharaoh." From that time, all kings of Mitsrayim were called Pharaoh.

Tyre and Sidon — ancient coastal cities.

Nations surrounding ancient Yahshar'al.

Aaron — first High Priest.

Moses — prophet & leader of Yahshar'al.

"City of Peace." Central city of Yahshar'al & the place of YAHUAH's Name.

The Garden planted by YAHUAH — the original dwelling place of Ha'Adam and Chuah.

Meaning: "Delight" or "Pleasure."

The region where Ha'Adam and Chuah dwelt after being sent out from the Garden. Later, the land where Qayin wandered after his transgression.

One of the rivers associated with the ancient earth, mentioned among the rivers flowing from Eden.

The mountain region where the ark of Noach came to rest after the waters of the flood receded.

Hebrew: Harei Ararat.

Location: Ancient region in the area of modern-day eastern Turkey and Armenia.

The plain and region where Nimrod established his kingdom. Site of the Tower of Babel.

Also known as: Babylon, Mesopotamia.

Cities: Babel, Erek (Uruk), Akkad, and Kalnah (Calneh).

In Jasher: The land where Nimrod reigned as king under the name Amraphel. Also the land from which Rikayon departed before traveling to Mitsrayim, where he became the first Pharaoh.

City in the land of Shinar. Site of the tower built in rebellion against YAHUAH.

Meaning: "Confusion" (from balal, "to confuse").

In Jasher: The people sought to build a tower reaching to the shamayim. YAHUAH sent seventy messengers to confuse their language, scattering them across the earth. Later, the city where Nimrod reigned and where Abram was brought before the king for refusing to worship idols. The valley of Babel was also the site of the battle where Chedorlaomer defeated Nimrod and slew Mardon.

Erech (Uruk) — ancient city in the land of Shinar.

Location: Part of Nimrod's kingdom in Mesopotamia.

Note: One of the oldest cities of ancient Sumer.

Calneh — ancient city in the land of Shinar.

Location: Part of Nimrod's kingdom in Mesopotamia.

Note: Also spelled Kalneh or Calno.

Accad — ancient city in the land of Shinar.

Location: Part of Nimrod's kingdom in Mesopotamia.

Note: The Akkadian empire and language take their name from this city.

Place of the furnace where Abram and Haran were cast into the fire.

Also known as: Ur of the Kasdim (Ur of the Chaldees).

In Jasher: Nimrod had Abram cast into the furnace of Casdim for refusing to worship idols. YAHUAH delivered Abram from the flames, but Haran perished because his heart was not perfect.

Ur of the Chaldees — the original dwelling place of Terach's family.

Meaning: "Ur" means "light" or "fire." "Casdim" refers to the Chaldeans.

In Jasher: The place from which YAHUAH brought forth Abram. Terach led his household out of Ur Casdim toward the land of Kena'an, sojourning in Haran along the way.

City in Mesopotamia where Terach's family sojourned on their journey from Ur Casdim.

Location: In upper Mesopotamia, along the trade routes.

In Jasher: The land where Terach and Abram dwelt before YAHUAH renewed Abram's calling to go to Kena'an. Nachor remained in Haran with Terach when Abram departed.

Note: Distinct from Haran the son of Terach, though possibly named in his memory.

Place of refuge where Abram hid after fleeing from Nimrod.

In Jasher: After YAHUAH delivered Abram from the furnace, Nimrod continued to seek his life. Abram fled and dwelt in the house of Noach and Shem, where he learned the ways of YAHUAH and received instruction in righteousness.

Plain in the land of Kena'an where Abram pitched his tent and built an altar.

Location: Near Hebron.

In Jasher: One of the places where Abram dwelt after entering the promised land. Site of covenant encounters with YAHUAH.

Kingdom ruled by Arioch.

In Jasher: Arioch king of Elasar was an ally of Chedorlaomer in the war against Nimrod and the conquest of the cities of the plain.

The burial place in Mitsrayim (Egypt).

In Jasher: The site where Rikayon established his system of taxation. He collected silver and gold from all who came to bury their dead, using the wealth to hire men and build his power. This cunning system enabled his rise from poverty to rulership over Mitsrayim.

Nineveh — ancient city built by Ashur (son of Shem).

Location: On the Tigris River in Assyria.

Note: Later became the capital of the Assyrian empire.

City built by Ashur (son of Shem).

Meaning: "Wide places" or "Broad streets."

Calah — city built by Ashur (son of Shem).

Location: In Assyria, between Ninevah and the Tigris.

City built by Ashur (son of Shem).

Location: Between Ninevah and Kalach.

Son of Aram, grandson of Shem.

Note: Also the name of the land settled by his descendants. The land of Uz is identified as the homeland of Iyob (Job).

Land and city founded by Seir.

Location: Mountainous region south of the Dead Sea.

Note: Later associated with Esau and the Edomites.

Zoar — city near the Dead Sea.

Meaning: "Small" or "Little."

Note: One of the cities of the plain. Lot fled to Tsoar during the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah.

Identified in Jasher as the great ocean.

Note: Distinct from the River Gichon of Eden. Associated with the waters surrounding the ancient lands.

A created being that incited transgression in the Garden of Eden. The Serpent deceived Chuah and brought about the fall of Ha'Adam.

Hebrew: Nachash (נָחָשׁ)

Heavenly messengers executing the command of YAHUAH.

In Jasher: YAHUAH descended with seventy messengers (angels) to confuse the language of the builders at Babel, dividing them into seventy languages and scattering them across the earth.

Significance: The seventy messengers correspond to the seventy nations formed after the dispersion.

The vessel of preservation commanded by ALUAH and built by Noach.

Hebrew: Tevah (תֵּבָה)

Purpose: To preserve Noach, his family, and the animals through the flood.

Dimensions: 300 cubits long, 50 cubits wide, 30 cubits high.

The material commanded by ALUAH for the construction of the ark.

Hebrew: Atzei Gopher (עֲצֵי־גֹפֶר)

Note: The exact species of wood is uncertain. Some suggest cypress; others believe it refers to a resinous or pitched wood.

Ancient unit of measurement based on the length from the elbow to the fingertip.

Hebrew: Ammah (אַמָּה)

Approximate length: 18 inches (standard cubit) or approximately 20.4 inches (royal cubit).

The waters brought by YAHUAH to cleanse the earth of wickedness in the days of Noach.

Hebrew: Mabbul (מַבּוּל)

Duration: The waters prevailed upon the earth for 150 days before receding.

Significance: A reset of creation — judgment upon the corruption of all flesh, and preservation of the righteous.

A celestial sign marking a significant birth or event.

In Jasher: At Abram's birth, a great star appeared in the east and swallowed four stars from the four corners of the heavens. Nimrod's wise men interpreted this as a sign that Abram's descendants would inherit the earth.

A place of concealment and preservation.

In Jasher: The cave where Terach hid Abram for ten years to preserve him from Nimrod's decree to slay all newborn males.

Significance: A place of protection where YAHUAH preserved the one through whom blessing would come to all nations.

Brother.

Sister.

Children; sons.

Daughters.

To pray; intercede.

Upright; righteous.

Way; path.

Royal title borne by all kings of Mitsrayim (Egypt).

Origin in Jasher: The title was first given to Rikayon, a wise man from Shinar who rose to govern Mitsrayim through cunning and wisdom. While Oswiris retained ceremonial kingship, Rikayon held the real power. From that time forward, all rulers of Mitsrayim bore the title "Pharaoh."

Note: This title appears throughout Scripture in connection with Abram's journey to Mitsrayim, the bondage of Yahshar'al, and the exodus under Mosheh.

Humanity; mankind.

End of days.

Valley of Hinnom — imagery of destruction, purification, and judgment. Symbol of correction & consequences of rebellion.

Parable; proverb.

To praise; boast in YAHUAH.